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Political preferences clash with warship building realities as Trump pushes costly Ford class carrier revamp: experts_我的网站

一 | 这是8月18日拍摄的《澳门特别行政区经济和社会发展第三个五年规划（2026-2030年）》新闻发布会现场。发（张金加摄）澳门8月19日电 题：锚定高质量发展为美好愿景提供坚实支撑——澳门各界解读新一份五年规划 记者齐菲、宋晨、郭雨祺《澳门特别行政区经济和社会发展第三个五年规划（2026—2030年）》18日公布。

The USS Gerald R. Ford departs from Souda Naval Base near Chania on the island of Crete, Greece, on February 26, 2026. Photo: VCGUS President Donald Trump's reported push to reshape the US Navy's next-generation aircraft carriers - from moving the island to abandoning electromagnetic catapults in favor of steam-powered systems - could impose heavy engineering, financial and schedule costs, Chinese military affairs experts said, warning of a widening gap between political preferences and the realities of building some of the world's most complex warships.
The Washington Post reported on Saturday that the US Navy is considering a major redesign of its new Ford-class aircraft carriers to better match Trump's preferred aesthetic, with the president favoring ships that more closely resemble US carriers from the World War II era. One option under study would move the carrier's island farther forward, toward the middle of the ship.
US officials cited by the report warned that such a change could require billions of dollars in redesign costs and cause substantial delays.
The potential island redesign comes only days after Trump ordered another far-reaching change to the Ford-class program. On Thursday, he signed a national security memorandum directing the Pentagon and Navy to develop a plan within 60 days to replace the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) with steam catapults and the Ford-class carriers' Advanced Weapons Elevators with hydraulic systems, beginning with the future USS Doris Miller, or CVN-81, USNI News reported.
Trump has repeatedly criticized EMALS as "too complex" and "not as effective as steam catapults," according to Reuters.
But the order would reverse a technology path the US Navy has pursued for more than a decade. When the Navy selected EMALS in 2009, it said the system would lower overall lifecycle costs, require less maintenance than steam catapults and place less physical stress on carrier-based aircraft, per Reuters.
As of March 2026, the USS Gerald R. Ford had conducted 36,863 EMALS launches, according to Pentagon documents cited by Reuters.
General Atomics, the manufacturer of EMALS, has warned against changing course on the Doris Miller, saying nearly 50 percent of production related to the system has already been completed and that a switch now would create significant cost, schedule and integration risks, according to Reuters.
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Sunday that the Ford-class carrier's aft-positioned island is not merely an aesthetic choice, but is closely tied to flight-deck efficiency and landing safety. "Moving the island farther aft creates more space around the catapults for aircraft parking and handling, helping shorten launch preparation time, while also reducing airflow disturbance during aircraft recovery," he said.
Relocating the island forward would not be a simple cosmetic adjustment, but a major redesign affecting weight distribution, buoyancy, flight-deck layout and aerodynamics, with significant implications for both cost and schedule, Zhang noted.
Song Zhongping, another Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times that Trump's demand is one thing, but turning it into an actual warship design is another.
"The first four Ford-class carriers have either entered service or are already in different stages of construction, leaving very little room for fundamental changes to their overall designs," Song said. Even the fifth and sixth ships - the future USS William J. Clinton, CVN-82, and USS George W. Bush, CVN-83 - would face considerable cost and engineering consequences if the Navy attempts to overturn their established technological architecture, he said.
The US Navy officially announced the names of CVN-82 and CVN-83 in January 2025, per the US Navy official website.
"There is an obvious gap between US President's political will and the engineering realities of aircraft-carrier construction," Song said.
Such proposed changes come as Ford-class construction timelines have already grown considerably compared with those of the preceding Nimitz class. The US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) said in April that Nimitz-class carriers typically took seven to eight years to build, while Ford-class ships are currently taking roughly 10 to 11 years. In a separate assessment released this month, the CBO estimated that future Ford-class carriers under the Navy's 2027 shipbuilding plan could cost about $22 billion apiece.
"Electromagnetic launch represents an advanced direction in aircraft-carrier catapult technology and has far greater development potential than traditional steam catapults," Song said. "If the US gives up electromagnetic catapults and returns to steam catapults, that would be a technological regression and a step backward."
Echoing Song, Zhang said electromagnetic catapults offer more precise control of launch energy and broader compatibility with different types of carrier-based aircraft, while requiring less shipboard space than steam systems with their extensive high-pressure piping.
"Replacing EMALS with steam catapults on a Ford-class carrier already designed around electromagnetic launch would not only represent a technological step backward, but could also turn an attempt to reduce risk into a new source of engineering and system-integration risk," Zhang said.
。分析人士指出，新一份规划全面准确贯彻“一国两制”方针，主动紧密对接国家“十五五”规划，统筹强、目标明、举措实、参与广，充分体现特区政府在新时代推动高质量发展的决心、信心与能力，为实现“法治澳门、活力澳门、文化澳门、幸福澳门”的美好愿景提供坚实支撑。 高水平安全护航高质量发展 新一份五年规划共10篇36章、68个专栏，约8.6万字。其中，“维护国家安全和社会稳定”专篇被放在重要位置，统领4个章节。规划提出2026—2030年澳门经济社会发展的八大目标，“总体国家安全观全面贯彻落实”亦被摆在首位。澳门特区政府政策研究和区域发展局局长张作文表示，新一份五年规划目标明确、重点突出。国家安全是澳门长期繁荣稳定的前提与根本保障，独立成篇、位置显著，凸显重要地位。澳门理工大学社会经济与公共政策研究所所长鄞益奋分析指出，规划作出多维度系统部署，一方面兼顾传统与非传统安全，完善维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，强化新兴领域安全治理；另一方面，研究制订《全民国家安全教育总体规划（2027—2032）》，重点面向青少年开展国家安全教育，厚植爱国爱澳社会根基。

二 | 他认为，规划体现澳门深入贯彻落实总体国家安全观，以制度机制和社会教育双向发力维护国家安全的基本思路。“把安全建设全面贯穿和深入渗透进特区治理各环节，为经济适度多元、民生保障优化、澳琴一体化等筑牢安全屏障，正是规划的重要主线。” 经济适度多元发展提质增效 特区行政长官岑浩辉近日发表署名文章，解读规划核心要义与重点任务。

三 | 他表示，经济适度多元发展是保持澳门长期繁荣稳定的必由之路，是澳门特区政府必须答好的必答题。

四 | 从2016年首个五年规划至2026年第三个五年规划，“经济适度多元”始终贯穿其中。从“一五”的“推动”，到“二五”的“加快”，再到如今的“扎实推进”，动词表述的变化清晰勾勒出澳门推动经济转型从基础搭建到提速推进，再到强调提质增效的发展进程。文章指出，特区将以四大工程项目和政府引导基金为抓手，重点推动“1+4”多元产业发展，力争在2030年实现非博彩业增加值占本地生产总值比重达60%左右。相较“二五”规划，“三五”规划新增若干重要经济发展指标。其中，非博彩业增加值比重尤为引人关注。张作文认为，将目标设定在60%左右，意味着澳门经济适度多元发展的举措力度将进一步加大。

五 | 据介绍，2026—2030年推进经济适度多元发展的重大项目预算总投资将达到约1300亿澳门元。澳门经济学会理事长柳智毅认为，对澳门这一微型经济体而言，这笔投入可谓规模空前。他说，规划从更好发挥政府引导基金引领作用、加大资金投入和招商引资力度、培育具竞争力的新兴产业和新的经济增长点、积极推进具体工程项目等方面着力推动，澳门经济适度多元发展有望实现新突破，取得新成效。 融入和服务国家发展大局更积极有为 今年是横琴粤澳深度合作区成立五周年。规划第五篇专篇聚焦横琴，明确要用改革的办法破解发展难题，以科技、教育为引领，深化澳琴一体化发展，全力推进横琴合作区第二阶段高水平建设。规划增设澳琴一体化专属指标板块，重点围绕产业多元发展、跨境要素流通、民生融合共享等领域设置量化目标。

六 | 澳门大学社会科学学院院长胡伟星分析，规划紧扣“澳门+横琴”新定位，围绕体制机制、软硬联通、产业协同、民生跨境融合等方面出台系统性举措，为下一步发展明确方向。他表示，从发展思路和逻辑看，特区政府坚定推动澳琴一体化发展，从单一产业融合迈向产业、民生、人才、治理等全域一体化。“未来横琴有望升级为集澳门产业延伸、跨境宜居新城、对外开放门户于一体的一体化新城区，成为充分发挥‘一国两制’制度优势，推动区域协同的标志性实践。” 澳门的发展始终与祖国同频共振。规划立足澳门背靠祖国、联通世界的独特优势，持续强化内联外通格局。澳门学者同盟会长叶桂平分析，澳门一方面积极参与高质量建设粤港澳大湾区，携手广州、深圳、香港等城市构建具有国际竞争力的现代产业体系，加强科技创新联动，打造优质生活圈；另一方面，积极将中葡平台功能延伸至西语国家，参与和服务共建“一带一路”，打造中西文明交流互鉴重要窗口，澳门正以更积极的姿态、更有为的举措融入和服务国家发展大局。澳门主流媒体评论指出，规划紧扣国家发展战略、立足澳门资源禀赋、回应市民民生期盼，以系统性科学规划锚定高品质发展航向，以深耕实干破解发展瓶颈，为澳门绘就清晰蓝图，开启澳门长治久安、提质振兴的全新征程。